- Infectious Diseases of Livestock
- Part 2
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: HERPESVIRIDAE
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: PARAMYXOVIRIDAE AND PNEUMOVIRIDAE
- Rinderpest
- Peste des petits ruminants
- Parainfluenza type 3 infection
- Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection
- Hendra virus infection
- Paramyxovirus-induced reproductive failure and congenital defects in pigs
- Nipah virus disease
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: CALICIVIRIDAE AND ASTROVIRIDAE
- Vesicular exanthema
- Enteric caliciviruses of pigs and cattle
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: RETROVIRIDAE
- Enzootic bovine leukosis
- Jaagsiekte
- Visna-maedi
- Caprine arthritis-encephalitis
- Equine infectious anaemia
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE
- Papillomavirus infection of ruminants
- Papillomavirus infection of equids
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE
- Equine influenza
- Swine influenza
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: CORONAVIRIDAE
- Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis
- Porcine respiratory coronavirus infection
- Porcine epidemic diarrhoea
- Porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus infection
- Porcine deltacoronavirus infection
- Bovine coronavirus infection
- Ovine coronavirus infection
- Equine coronavirus infection
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: PARVOVIRIDAE
- Porcine parvovirus infection
- Bovine parvovirus infection
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: ADENOVIRIDAE
- Adenovirus infections
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: HERPESVIRIDAE
- Equid herpesvirus 1 and equid herpesvirus 4 infections
- Equid gammaherpesvirus 2 and equid gammaherpesvirus 5 infections
- Equine coital exanthema
- Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and infectious pustular balanoposthitis
- Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 infections
- Malignant catarrhal fever
- Pseudorabies
- Suid herpesvirus 2 infection
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: ARTERIVIRIDAE
- Equine viral arteritis
- Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: FLAVIVIRIDAE
- Bovine viral diarrhoea and mucosal disease
- Border disease
- Hog cholera
- Wesselsbron disease
- Louping ill
- West nile virus infection
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: TOGAVIRIDAE
- Equine encephalitides caused by alphaviruses in the Western Hemisphere
- Old World alphavirus infections in animals
- Getah virus infection
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: BUNYAVIRIDAE
- Diseases caused by Akabane and related Simbu-group viruses
- Rift Valley fever
- Nairobi sheep disease
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: ASFARVIRIDAE
- African swine fever
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: RHABDOVIRIDAE
- Rabies
- Bovine ephemeral fever
- Vesicular stomatitis and other vesiculovirus infections
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: REOVIRIDAE
- Bluetongue
- Ibaraki disease in cattle
- Epizootic haemorrhagic disease
- African horse sickness
- Equine encephalosis
- Palyam serogroup orbivirus infections
- Rotavirus infections
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: POXVIRIDAE
- Lumpy skin disease
- Sheeppox and goatpox
- Orf
- Ulcerative dermatosis
- Bovine papular stomatitis
- Pseudocowpox
- Swinepox
- Cowpox
- Horsepox
- Camelpox
- Buffalopox
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: PICORNAVIRIDAE
- Teschen, Talfan and reproductive diseases caused by porcine enteroviruses
- Encephalomyocarditis virus infection
- Swine vesicular disease
- Equine picornavirus infection
- Bovine rhinovirus infection
- Foot-and-mouth disease
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: BORNAVIRIDAE
- Borna disease
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: CIRCOVIRIDAE AND ANELLOVIRIDAE
- Post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome in swine
- GENERAL INTRODUCTION: PRION DISEASES
- Scrapie
- Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
- Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy in other domestic and captive wild species
GENERAL INTRODUCTION: HERPESVIRIDAE
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HERPESVIRIDAE
J R GILKERSON - Professor of Veterinary Microbiology, BVSc, BSc (Vet), PhD, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Corner of Flemington Road and Park Drive, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
C R WILKS - Professorial Fellow, BVSc, MVSc, PhD, FANZCVSc, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Corner of Flemington Road and Park Drive, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
C A HARTLEY - Senior Lecturer in Veterinary Virology, BSc (Hons), PhD, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Corner of Flemington Road and Park Drive, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
A General Introduction has been added to each disease chapter in an attempt to give a brief updated overview of the taxonomic, biological and other characteristics of the virus family or group of bacteria /protozoa that cause disease in livestock and, where relevant, involve wildlife. As the text of the three-volume book Infectious Diseases of Livestock is currently under revision the Editors are aware that there are inconsistencies between the updated introductions to chapters and the content of the chapters themselves. Once the chapters have been updated – a process that is currently underway – these inconsistencies will be removed.
The Order Herpesvirales contains three families of viruses, including the Family Herpesviridae which is made up of those herpesviruses that infect mammals, birds and reptiles2. The families Alloherpesviridae comprise the herpesviruses of fish and amphibians, while the herpesviruses of a bivalve mollusc and abalone are categorized in the Malacoherpesviridae. Many of the viruses of the Herpesviridae family produce no known disease, but some are the cause of important afflictions of both humans and animals. Cattle, sheep goats, horses, donkeys and pigs are susceptible to a variety of infections caused by one or more different herpesviruses in each species (Table 1). These infections, some of which result in economically important diseases of livestock, are described in the following chapters.
The nomenclature of herpesviruses, and particularly of those that infect ruminants, is complicated and somewhat confusing. For example, bovine (or bovid) herpesvirus 3 (BHV-3) has been used to refer not only to the wildebeest associated virus which causes malignant catarrhal fever (now known as alcelaphine herpesvirus 1), but also to bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV-4), which in turn has variously been labelled Movar-type bovine herpesvirus, bovine orphan herpesvirus and bovine herpesvirus 5.1, 5, 6 The designation BHV-3 is now considered redundant and therefore bovine herpesviruses are currently numbered 1, 2, 4, and 5.2
Table 1 Members of the Herpesviridae that infect domestic livestock
VIRUS | HISTORICALLY APPLIED SYNONYMS | SUBFAMILY | DISEASE CAUSED IN DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK |
Bovine herpesvirus 1 | Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus, BHV-1.1 (respiratory), BHV-1.2 (genital) | α | Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, infectious balanoposthitis and other syndromes |
Bovine herpesvirus 2 | Bovine mammillitis virus, Allerton virus, pseudo-lumpy skin disease virus | α | Pseudo-lumpy skin disease/bovine herpesvirus mammillitis |
Bovine herpesvirus 4 | BHV-3, BHV-5, bovine orphan herpesvirus, Movar-type herpesvirus | γ | Role in disease uncertain |
Bovine herpesvirus 5 | IBR virus, BHV-1, BHV-1.3, bovine encephalitis herpesvirus (BEHV) | α | Meningoencephalitis |
Caprine herpesvirus 1 | Goat herpesvirus, BHV-6 | α | Gastroenteritis, pustular vulvovaginitis, abortion |
Ovine herpesvirus 1 | Herpesvirus ovis, BHV-4, BHV-5 | γ | Sheep pulmonary adenomatosis associated virus |
Ovine herpesvirus 2 | Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever virus | γ | Malignant catarrhal fever (snotsiekte) |
Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 | Malignant catarrhal fever virus, wildebeest herpesvirus | γ | Malignant catarrhal fever (snotsiekte) |
Alcelaphine herpesvirus 2 | Hartebeest malignant catarrhal fever virus | γ | Malignant catarrhal fever |
Equid herpesvirus 1 | Equine herpesvirus 1, equid herpesvirus 1 subtype 1, equine abortion virus | α | Neonatal deaths, abortion, rhinopneumonitis, myeloencephalopathy |
Equid herpesvirus 2 | Equine herpesvirus 2 | γ | Role in disease uncertain |
Equid herpesvirus 3 | Equine herpesvirus 3, coital exanthema | α | Equine coital exanthema |
Equid herpesvirus 4 | Equine herpesvirus 4, equid herpesvirus subtype 2, equine rhinopneumonitis virus | α | Rhinopneumonitis |
Equid herpesvirus 5 | Equine herpesvirus 5 | γ | Role in disease uncertain |
Equid herpesvirus 6 | Asinine herpesvirus 1 | α | Vesicular and erosive lesions on muzzle, genitalia and udder |
Equid herpesvirus 7 | Asinine herpesvirus 2 | γ | Role in disease uncertain |
Equid herpesvirus 8 | Asinine herpesvirus 3 | α | Rhinitis |
Equid herpesvirus 9* | Gazelle encephalitis herpesvirus (GEHV) | α | Meningoencephalitis** (pigs, horses, goats) |
Suid herpesvirus 1 | Pseudorabies virus, Aujeszky’s disease virus | α | Pseudorabies (Aujeszky’s disease) |
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